(a) Constitutional Error. If the appellate record in a criminal case reveals constitutional error that is subject to harmless error review, the court of appeals must reverse a judgment of conviction or punishment unless the court determines beyond a reasonable doubt that the error did not contribute to the conviction or punishment.
(b) Other Errors. Any other error, defect, irregularity, or variance that does not affect substantial rights must be disregarded.
(c) Presumptions. Unless the following matters were disputed in the trial court, or unless the record affirmatively shows the contrary, the court of appeals must presume:
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(1) that venue was proved in the trial court;
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(2) that the jury was properly impaneled and sworn;
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(3) that the defendant was arraigned;
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(4) that the defendant pleaded to the indictment or other charging instrument; and
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(5) that the court's charge was certified by the trial court and filed by the clerk before it was read to the jury.